Current Issue : April-June Volume : 2024 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) is a standardized system which is used to classify results of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA). This system is used to evaluate and determine which patients should get thyroid surgery. It was created in order to reduce the number of patients requiring surgery. The question remains as to whether this reporting system is accurate in determining those nodules that have malignant potential and those that do not. This study is a retrospective analysis of patients in one institution who have undergone FNA and then thyroid surgery based on TBSRTC. The outcome of the pathology reports after surgery was analyzed to determine the accuracy of TBSRTC in our institution (Lourdes Hospital, Binghamton, NY). The results from our institution were compared with similar studies in other institutions to determine accuracy and reproducibility. Our results indicated that the risk of malignancy in each Bethesda category was similar to the risk percentages described for most categories in the 2017 TBSRTC update....
Background and objective Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by insulin resistance or tissue insensitivity to insulin, as well as relative insulin insufficiency. Diabetes that is uncontrolled for an extended period of time is linked to substantial comorbidities and organ damage. The purpose of the current study is to assess the effect of coadministration of omega-3 fatty acids with glimepiride on blood glucose, lipid profile, serum irisin, and sirtuin-1 levels in T2DM patients. Methods This clinical trial involved 70 type 2 diabetic patients randomly assigned to glimepiride 3 mg with either omega-3 capsules contained fish oil 1000 mg, 13% of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 9% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (omega-3 group, n = 35) or placebo capsules contained corn oil and linoleic acid (control group, n = 35) daily for three months. Blood samples were obtained at the start of the study and 12 weeks later for biochemical examination of HbA1c%, FBG, fasting insulin, and lipid profile. In addition, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated. Human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were utilized for assessing serum irisin and sirtuin-1 levels before and after the intervention. Results Compared to the control group, omega-3 fatty acids decreased serum fasting blood glucose (FBG, p < 0.001), glycated hemoglobin percent (HbA1C%, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC, p < 0.001), triglycerides (TGs, p = 0.006), low density lipoprotein (LDL, p = 0.089), and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR, p = 0.021) after three months of intervention. However, a significant increase was reported in serum irisin and high density lipoprotein (HDL) between both groups after intervention (p = 0.026 and p = 0.007, respectively). The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) increased in the control group but decreased in the omega-3 group, with significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion The present study found that supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids might dramatically enhance blood irisin levels, as well as improve glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using glimepiride....
Background Self-care remains an effective model for diabetes management and care in low-and-middle-income countries due to the limited resources available for the clinical management of the disease and its complications This study examined adherence to self-care behaviors and associated factors among people with type 2 diabetes in Ghana. Methods PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Google scholar were used to identify quantitative observational studies published between 1990 and September 30, 2023. Studies exclusive to persons with type 2 diabetes ≥ 18 years of age in a Ghanaian setting were included in this review. Findings of primary studies were analyzed using narrative synthesis. Results Twelve studies, presenting data on a total of 2,671 persons with type 2 diabetes, were included. All the studies were published in the last decade (2015–2022) and a majority of them were from the Greater Accra Region. The mean number of days (per week) participants adhered to a self-care behavior were in the ranges of 3.9–4.4 for diet, 4.2–4.8 for physical activity, 0.5–2.2 for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), and 2.9–5.0 for foot care. Adherence rates for medication were in the range of 33.5–84.5%. Patient-related factors, sociodemographic/ economic-related factors, condition-related factors, and healthcare system-related factors were associated with various self-care behaviors. Conclusion Adherence to self-care behaviors among persons with type 2 diabetes in Ghana remains an ongoing challenge with significant variations in adherence among patients with different characteristics....
Aim. The effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the pediatric occurrence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is inconclusive. We aimed to assess associations between seroprevalences of the distinct anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and T1D occurrence in children and adolescents. Methods. This multicenter prospective observational cohort comprised children diagnosed with T1D between October 2020 and July 2022 and unrelated children who performed endocrine tests (control group) in a 1 : 3 ratio. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, including anti-S, anti-N, and neutralizing antibodies, were assessed in each group. Results. The cohort included 51 children with T1D and 182 children in the control group. The median (interquartile range) age was 11.4 (8.2, 13.3) years, with 45% being female. Increases were not observed in the seroprevalence of any of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among the children with new-onset T1D compared to the control group. Among the T1D group, anti-S seroprevalence was higher among those without diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) than in those with DKA upon T1D diagnosis (72% vs. 42%, p¼0:035). After adjustment to vaccination status, this difference was not statistically significant. Additionally, anti-N antibodies and neutralizing antibodies did not differ between the DKA and the non-DKA groups. None of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were associated with any of the glycemic parameters. Conclusions. This study is the first to assess several distinct anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in newonset T1D, and our findings do not support an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the occurrence of T1D in children and adolescents. Since autoimmunity may emerge years after a viral infection, we recommend conducting follow-up epidemiological studies to assess whether there is a change in the incidence of T1D following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic....
Background The transition from paediatric to adult care for young adults with type 1 diabetes poses unique challenges. Virtual diabetes clinics using smartphone applications offer a promising approach to support selfmanagement and enhance communication with healthcare providers. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a virtual diabetes clinic on glycaemic control, treatment satisfaction, and quality of life among young adults diagnosed with type 1. Methods 79 participants with type 1 diabetes aged 18–25 years were included in a prospective, single-centre, randomised, wait-list controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the wait-list control group. The intervention group received instant access to a virtual care platform called Vista Dialog, which facilitated real-time communication between patients and healthcare providers. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR), diabetes treatment satisfaction, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. Results Baseline characteristics were similar between the intervention and control groups, except for education level, where there was a skewed distribution between the groups (the intervention group had a lower education level). At the 6-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in HbA1c levels, TIR, TBR, or diabetes treatment satisfaction between the two groups. However, the intervention group demonstrated a significant decrease in the burden on physical health compared with the control group, indicating an improved quality of life. Conclusions The implementation of a virtual diabetes clinic using the Vista Dialog platform did not result in significant improvements in glycaemic control or treatment satisfaction compared with usual care. However, it did show potential benefits in terms of reducing the burden on physical health and improving quality of life in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and optimal use of virtual clinics in diabetes management....
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